BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
For researchers in various disciplines, the term "stress" has different meanings. According to a study conducted by various researchers, stress is linked to the ecosystem and population of organisms. Temperature, cold, and a lack of food supply are all considered stressors by biologists. As stressors, social scientists are more concerned with people's interactions with their circumstances and the resulting emotional disturbances. Anything that disrupts an individual's routine, physical or mental well-being is referred to as stress. It happens when a person's body performs beyond its capabilities or when he or she is subjected to unusual demands. A bad temper is a simple manifestation of stress, whereas a severe display is an act of violence. Stress is a factor that contributes to the development of stress. Stress can be positive or negative depending on how a person reacts to it. For instance, one person may see stress as a motivator, while another may see it as a constraint. Stress can be beneficial or harmful. Estruses are used to describe positive stress, while distress is used to describe negative stress. Distress has an impact on a person's physical and mental health. Estruses cause the body and mind to work together in a creative way. Distress is a type of negative stress that affects a person's mental well-being. Insomnia, eating disorders, heart problems, and suicidal tendencies are just a few of these issues. When a person is free of stress, he or she becomes sluggish and bored. Positive stress motivates people to do better. Stress, on the other hand, causes distress when it exceeds the required level. Individuals' perceptions of stress vary, and they each have their own stress tolerance: some people work better under pressure, while others can't stand the "last-minute syndrome." Child care stress among women in the twenty-first century is nothing new or unheard of. Stress has existed since the dawn of time, but its toll is now greater than ever. When we look at doctor visits, we find that stress-related issues account for 75-90 percent of them. Claims for stress among women of child bearing age are twice as high as claims for non-stress physical injury at work, costing an estimated $200 billion per year.
Child care practices have been variously conceptualized in literature. Child care practices refer to the quality, quantity, diversity and availability of health care services given to a child which must not be necessary from the health services providers and parents but from other older adults [Sanders, M. 2009]. WHO defined child care practice as the physical, social, and health care given to a child [World Health Organization 2013]. Child care practices are always part of a system of care that covers the whole cycle of childbearing and childrearing in the family. This can also be achieved by participation from the community level. It is carried out by community health workers who live in the community and are properly trained to carry out the essential services which the community needs and can afford. Child care practices include: exclusive breastfeeding or other forms of breast feeding, complementary feeding, hygiene, immunizations, micronutrients, use of bed nets for malaria prevention, psychosocial development, compliance with medical/health advice, antenatal care, home care for illness, home treatment of minor infections and care seeking practices [World Bank 2012].
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Stress is a growing problem for people, but it is especially at a higher level for working mothers who breastfeed and often associated with stress-related illness among women twice the rate in men. When people find inconsistency in their ability to meet the perceived demands within an environment, their stress level rises, with a negative impact on their overall health including mental health for mothers who become depressed and anxious immediately during and after postpartum period. Mental well-being is essential for avoiding a distorted relationship with infant and others at home, school or work. It is essential to understand the sources of child care stress for women of child bearing age in schools in order to find ways to offer support. Multiple factors could be considered as stressors such as unsupportive school and home environment and the unrelenting demands of breastfeeding. Involvement in conflicting roles under stress at school and home and the ability to balance family and school responsibilities are challenging and learning about how to manage role constrain, could help schooling mothers reduce their stress levels. Hence, this study seeks to investigate child care stress among women of child bearing age studying in faculty of allied health science university of Maiduguri.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The study's overall purpose is to assess child care stress among women of child bearing age studying in Faculty of Allied Health Science University of Maiduguri.
The study, on the other hand, was focused on achieving these precise goals:
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following research questions were posed in accordance with the study's objectives:
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will expose women of child bearing age on the different stress patterns they pass through during child care and a way to managing it. This study will also add to existing literature on this study domain and serve as a reference material to scholars, researchers and students who may want to carry out further research on this topic or related field in the future.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study focuses on examining if women of child bearing age studying in faculty of allied health science University of Maiduguri faces child care stress. This study will also examine the prevalence of child care stress among women of child bearing age studying in faculty of allied health science University of Maiduguri. This study will further look into the coping strategy women of child bearing age studying in faculty of allied health science University of Maiduguri adopt. Women of child bearing age studying in faculty of allied health science, University of Maiduguri shall serve as enrolled participants for this study.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Time constraint, insufficient fund to expand the scope of this study and inadequate materials in this topic domain were the major challenges the researcher encountered while carrying out this study.
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